![]() The ship's draft of 23 meters (75 feet) leaves only 1 metre (3 feet) of under keel clearance, therefore it can only dock in a restricted tidal window. This made it one of only two available mooring locations for one of the largest bulk cargo ships in the world, the iron ore bulk carrier MS Berge Stahl when it is fully loaded, along with the Terminal of Ponta da Madeira in Brazil, until the opening of a new deep-water iron ore wharf at Caofeidian in China in 2011. The EECV-quay of the port has a draft of 24 metres (78 feet). The rivers Meuse ( Maas) and Rhine also provide excellent access to the pan-European hinterland. Large oil refineries are located west of the city. The Dutch part of this railway opened in 2007. Since 2000 the Betuweroute, a fast cargo railway from Rotterdam to Germany, has been under construction. From Rotterdam goods are transported by ship, river barge, train or road. The harbour functions as an important transit point for transport of bulk and other goods between the European continent and other parts of the world. Most important for the port of Rotterdam is the petrochemical industry and general cargo transshipment handlings. On 10 October 2006, however, approval was acquired to start construction in 2008, aiming for the first ship to anchor in 2013.Ĭharacteristics Container terminals showing a container being loaded onto an unmanned automated guided vehicle The construction of a second Maasvlakte received initial political approval in 2004, but was stopped by the Raad van State (the Dutch Council of State, which advises the government and parliament on legislation and governance) in 2005, because the plans did not take enough account of environmental issues. In the past five years the industrialised skyline has been changed by the addition of large numbers of wind turbines taking advantage of the exposed coastal conditions. In the 1970s the port was extended into the sea at the south side of the mouth of the Nieuwe Waterweg by completion of the Maasvlakte ( Meuse-plain) which was built in the North Sea near Hook of Holland. Rotterdam's harbour territory has been enlarged by the construction of the Europoort (gate to Europe) complex along the mouth of the Nieuwe Waterweg. Over the years the port was further developed seaward by building new docks and harbour-basins. Main articles: Europoort and Maasvlakte Europoort Rotterdam and Nieuwe Waterweg The Waalhaven at night Satellite photography of the Port of Rotterdam Aerial view of the Maasvlakte area, one of the latest extensions to the port It was ready in 1872 and all sorts of industrial activity formed on the banks of this canal.Įuropoort and Maasvlakte extensions The Nieuwe Waterweg has since been deepened several times. Nevertheless, Rotterdam from then on had a direct connection between the sea and harbour areas with sufficient depth. Ultimately however, the last part had to be dug by manual labour as well. The Nieuwe Waterweg, designed by Pieter Caland, was to be partly dug, then to further deepen the canal bed by the natural flow of the water. To improve the connection to the North Sea, the Nieuwe Waterweg ("New Waterway"), a large canal, was designed to connect the Rhine and Meuse rivers to the sea. In the first half of the 19th century the port activities moved from the centre westward towards the North Sea. Rotterdam consists of five distinct port areas and three distribution parks that facilitate the needs of a hinterland with over 500,000,000 consumers throughout the continent of Europe. Rotterdam has five port concessions (ports) within its boundaries - operated by separate companies under the overall authority of Rotterdam. The Port of Rotterdam is located in the middle of the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta. ![]() It consists of the city centre's historic harbour area, including Delfshaven the Maashaven/Rijnhaven/ Feijenoord complex the harbours around Nieuw-Mathenesse Waalhaven Vondelingenplaat Eemhaven Botlek Europoort, situated along the Calandkanaal, Nieuwe Waterweg and Scheur (the latter two being continuations of the Nieuwe Maas) and the reclaimed Maasvlakte area, which projects into the North Sea. Ĭovering 105 square kilometres (41 sq mi), the port of Rotterdam now stretches over a distance of 40 kilometres (25 mi). In 2017, Rotterdam was also the world's tenth-largest cargo port in terms of annual cargo tonnage. In 2020, Rotterdam was the world's tenth-largest container port in terms of twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) handled. It was overtaken first in 2004 by the port of Singapore, and since then by Shanghai and other very large Chinese seaports. From 1962 until 2004, it was the world's busiest port by annual cargo tonnage. The Port of Rotterdam is the largest seaport in Europe, and the world's largest seaport outside of East Asia, located in and near the city of Rotterdam, in the province of South Holland in the Netherlands.
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